Awareness and use of food adulterants among food vendors and market women in the Northern Part of Ghana.

ABSTRACT
Ingestion of unsafe/adulterated foods is on record to have caused devastating health conditions
and deaths around the world. Accordingly, an investigation to unearth this revelation is crucial in
saving lives. This study, within the context of the Theory of Planned Behaviour investigated the
awareness level, affordances and effects of food adulterants from the perspectives of market
women and food vendors in the Bolgatanga Municipality. The study employed a sequential
explanatory mixed-method design including both questionnaire and semi-structured interview guide
in data collection. Using purposive, convenience and simple random sampling techniques, 106
respondents comprising 46 food vendors and 60 market women were sampled for the study.
Quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics while the
qualitative data followed the thematic approach. The study discovered that respondents were
moderately aware (3.34±0.82) of the use of food adulterants. Again, factors such as, improve food
colour, desire to increase profits, quest to improve food appearance, adding to weight and
improvement of taste predominantly trigger food adulteration. Furthermore, the study revealed that
food adulterants pose various health threats to consumers as perceived by respondents. Finally,
the study established that there was no statistically significant difference between food vendors
and market women on their level of awareness on the use of food adulterants [t(104)=0.670,p=0.504]. Hence, the study recommends that, the Bolgatanga Municipal Assembly
and health directorate should embark on intensive public education campaigns to educate the
entire populace to increase awareness levels and improve food safety knowledge to curtail the
predominant use of food adulterants.

Keywords: Food, adulterants; adulteration; awareness; improve; use; market; women and vendors.