The effects of Ghana’s capitation policy on hospital Under-5 mortality in the Ashanti Region

SUMMARY
Objective: The study estimated the capitation policy’s effect on the under-5 mortality (U5MR) rate in hospitals in Ashanti Region.
Design: We used an interrupted time series design to estimate the impact from secondary data obtained from the DHIMS-2 database. Monthly under-5 deaths and the number of live births per month were extracted and entered into Stata 15.0 for analyses. The U5MR was calculated by dividing the number of live deaths by the number of live births for each of the 60 months of the study.
Setting: Health facilities of the Ashanti Region with Data in the DHIMS 2.
Intervention: the level and trend of U5MR for 31 months during the Capitation Policy implementation (January 2015 to July 2017) were compared with the level and trend 29 months after the withdrawal of the capitation policy (August 2017 to December 2019).
Outcome measures: changes in trend or level of U5MR after the withdrawal of capitation.
Main Results: During the capitation policy, monthly U5MR averaged 10.71 +/-2.71 per 1000 live births. It declined to 0.03 deaths per 1000 live births (p=0.65). After the policy withdrawal, the immediate (increase of 0.01 per 1000 live births) and the trend (decline of 0.13 deaths per 1000 live births per month) were still not statistically significant.
Conclusion: We conclude that the capitation policy did not appear to have influenced under-5 mortality in the Ashanti Region. The design of future healthcare payment models should target quality improvement to reduce un-der-5 mortalities.